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India's 75th Anniversary of Independence: How Moscow Became New Delhi's All-Weather Friend_我的网站

少林足球

A | Exactly 75 years ago Jawaharlal Nehru, one of the principal leaders of India’s independence movement in the 1930s and 1940s, was sworn in as prime minister of the Dominion of India and raised the national flag at the Red Fort in Delhi. Having brought an end to the colonial rule of the British Empire, the Indian leadership embraced the concept of "non-alignment" and "neutrality" and diversified its ties, seeking new partnerships. At the time, the Soviet Union emerged as a natural ally for the independent Indian state.,Nehru was attracted to Marxism and promoted the idea of evolutionary and inclusive socialism. Back in 1927, the would-be Indian prime minister visited the USSR for the first time together with his wife Kamala, younger sister Krishna, and his father Motilal Nehru, a leader of the Indian National Congress.,The trip was connected with the 10th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, which was seen by Nehru and other Indian nationalists in "a very positive light," according to Dr. Anuradha Chenoy, professor of the Center for Russian and Central Asian Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University.,The Soviet press extensively covered the Nehrus' visit to Moscow, hailing Motilal and Jawaharlal as prominent leaders of India’s freedom movement. Jawaharlal Nehru was received in the Kremlin by Mikhail Kalinin, chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Having wrapped up his journey, the Indian politician wrote a booklet titled "Soviet Russia, some random sketches and impressions" (1928).,"Jawaharlal Nehru was influenced by Marxist and socialist thought to some extent, as he saw the need for state intervention for alleviating poverty, developing infrastructure and for development," says Dr. Chenoy. "He thus advocated and made policies to develop state- or public sector industries and also created a Planning Commission. Independent India's Second Plan was especially modeled around the Soviet planning system.",CC BY 2.0 / Public.Resource.Org / Photo 656 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru at the mike. 20.7.47 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru at the mike. 20.7.47 CC BY 2.0 / Public.Resource.Org / Photo 656,USSR Helped India Lay the Groundwork for Industrialization,On January 26, 1950, India became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations with Jawaharlal Nehru serving as the Republic of India's prime minister until May 27, 1964. During this period, the USSR and India started to deepen their ties, according to Dr. Chenoy.,"Soviet support was crucial for an underdeveloped and newly liberated country like India," the academic explains. "Since India wanted to develop as a 'mixed economy,' that is to have both a state and private sector, Western countries refused them any aid and assistance that India needed. So India turned to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union assisted India in the creation of new steel plants and several infrastructure industries. They assisted in developing Indian science and technology institutions which laid the base for Indian development in later years.",Dr. Chenoy elaborates that in the 1950s, the USSR helped India lay the groundwork for the country's early industrialization, with the Asian giant then starting to receive Russian defense equipment and military hardware.,CC0 / / Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) at the National Press Club, Washington, D.C. 1n 1966 Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) at the National Press Club, Washington, D.C. 1n 1966CC0 / /,Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation,The Indian war with Pakistan in 1971 became a pivotal moment for Indo-Soviet relations, according to the Indian academic. The conflict erupted over the Bangladesh liberation movement in East Pakistan, which was accompanied by killings of the Bengalis – both Muslims and Hindus – by West Pakistani forces led by General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan in March 1971.,As a result of the violence and instability caused by the onslaught in East Pakistan, an estimated 10 million Bengalis fled to India by May 1971, prompting Delhi to intervene. Judging from documents released in December 2002 by the National Security Archive (NSA), a US non-profit archival institution, US President Richard Nixon and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger did nothing to curtail the West Pakistani repressions against Bengalis and backed General Yahya.,After India stepped in to shield the Bengalis, "not only did the United States publicly pronounce India as the aggressor in the war, but the US sent the nuclear aircraft carrier, USS Enterprise, to the Bay of Bengal, and authorized the transfer of US military supplies to Pakistan, despite the apparent illegality of doing so," according to the non-profit.,Moscow's help came in handy at the time: in August 1971, India and the USSR concluded the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation that specified mutual strategic cooperation between the countries. The treaty sent a powerful signal to the US and its allies. Eventually, the conflict ended on December 16, 1971 with the military forces of West Pakistan that were in Bangladesh surrendering.,"The Indian war with Pakistan on the issue of the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971 was a very special moment of Soviet support since the US wanted to help its ally Pakistan," says Dr. Chenoy. "After this, the Treaty of Friendship signed between India and the USSR was very holistic and provided India with much technological and defense support. Since then the friendship has increased.",© Photo : Indian PM OfficeModi Putin MeetModi Putin Meet© Photo : Indian PM Office,India's Strategic Autonomy,The historic Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation was renewed for another 20 years on August 8, 1991. After the collapse of the USSR, Moscow and New Delhi replaced the accords with the 20-year Treaty of Indo-Russian Friendship and Cooperation in January 1993.,Although the dissolution of the USSR resulted in a temporary chill in Russo-Indian economic and trade relations, they were soon reshuffled and are continuing to develop regardless of sanctions imposed by the West, according to Dr. Chenoy.,Since the declaration of independence back in 1947, India has managed to achieve significant strategic autonomy. The country has been maintaining ties with various global powers in accordance with its own strategic plans.,Thus, in June 2022, Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar made it clear at the GlobeSec 2022 Bratislava Forum that India would not copycat the West's anti-Russia policies in the wake of Moscow's special operation to demilitarize and de-Nazify Ukraine. He stressed that “the world cannot be that Euro-centric as it used to be in the past,” adding that India, which is one-fifth of the world’s population and the fifth-largest economy will be guided by its national interests in the first place.。　　中新社山东宁津8月25日电题：鲁北小城“智造”全球三成商用健身器材　　作者李明芮国璇　　鲁北平原之上，面积不足900平方公里的小城山东省德州市宁津县，却集聚了3000余家健身器材及配套企业，凭借健身器材产业在全球赛道闯出名堂。

B | 数据显示，全球每10件商用健身器材，就有3件来自这座山东小城。

C | 　　记者25日走进山东迈宝赫健身器材有限公司的生产厂区，机器轰鸣作响，切割焊接、组装调试工序一气呵成。一件件商用跑步机、力量器械有序下线。　　“半小时内就能配齐生产所需的全部零件。”该公司总经理刘新利说，依托宁津“半小时配套圈”，内外销产品“同线同标同质”，巴西海外仓甚至将交货周期从45天压缩至7天。8月25日，山东迈宝赫健身器材有限公司技术工程师介绍智能健身器材。　李明芮摄　　更令人惊叹的是，健身器材正长出“智慧大脑”。

D | 人脸识别在健身器材上一扫，体脂数据瞬间上传云端。深度求索(DeepSeek)大模型随即生成个性化训练方案，连动作偏差都能实时纠正。　　“我们已实现场景化锻炼模式与运动处方的实时推送功能。”山东迈宝赫健身器材有限公司技术工程师房长文介绍说，从初学到进阶，系统都能精准匹配个性化方案，为每一位使用者沉淀专属运动数据与训练计划，让科学健身触手可及。　　据刘新利介绍，目前该公司海外市场销售额占比约50%，产品已出口至全球160多个国家和地区。

E | 　　同样扎根宁津的山东舒优特健身科技有限公司，建立起覆盖日本、韩国、印度、美国等全球110多个国家和地区的销售网络。8月25日，用户在山东舒优特健身科技有限公司使用健身器材。　李明芮摄　　山东舒优特健身科技有限公司董事长孟凡瑞表示，以韩国楼梯机市场为例，公司的技术团队曾实地走访韩国数十家健身房，记录用户使用习惯，针对韩国低楼层空间的特殊需求，定制开发了10余款楼梯机产品，目前在该市场的占有率高达85.2%，月销量超过600台。　　“近两年，我们还到德国、巴西、泰国、韩国等国家积极参加境外展会，让全球健身器材企业了解了‘宁津智造’。